Design and Modelling of Wave Energy Converter and Power Take-Off System

Ocean wave energy contains the largest energy density amongst all renewable energy. In Malaysia, the highest wave energy in the South China Sea is 12kW with maximum wave amplitude of 2 meters. This paper presents the design and modelling of wave energy converter and power take-off system that suitable for Malaysia in order to obtain the highest output of electrical power. A point absorber made up of a floating buoy connected by a fibre rope is used as wave energy converter. Linear permanent magnet generator has been used as the power-take-off system. This generator exploits directly the incoming sea wave vertical motion. This wave energy converter and power-take-off model have been developed and implement in Matlab. The model included wave energy, buoy water interaction, and linear generator. To extract highest wave energy, different parameters have been applied to the linear generator. Simulation results are presented showing three effects of three different parameters; winding coil turns, magnetic field strength and tooth width of the stator

Antimicrobial activities of plant extracts against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The present study was carried out to compare the antimicrobial activities of methanol leaf extracts of Bauhinia purpurea, Dicranopterislinearis, Melastomamalabathricum and Muntingiacalabura portrayed by different antimicrobial assays against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Antimicrobial activities of the methanol leaf extracts were preliminarily screened by disc diffusion. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth microdilution and colorimetric assay (resazurin). Based on disc diffusion method, S. aureusATCC®700699™ (MRSA) elucidated higher susceptibility pattern against all plant extracts compared to S. aureusATCC®25923™ (MSSA). Taking results from all employed assays into consideration, M. calaburamethanol leaf extract comparably elicited the highest antimicrobial activity than the other methanol leaf extracts against both microorganisms. The MIC values were determined by colorimetric assay (resazurin) due to pigmentations of the methanol leaf extracts that obscured visual growth turbidity inspection. Complication in colour changes observation in colorimetric assay to determine MBC was overcome by employing the conventional plating method. This study suggested that all antimicrobial assays should be carried out concurrently so as the data obtained can be comparatively analysed for a better outcome as each antimicrobial assay has its own shortfall

Radar Thickness Measurements over the Southern Part of the Greenland Ice Sheet

We performed ice thickness measurements over the southern part of the Greenland ice sheet during June and July 1993. We used an airborne coherent radar depth sounder for these measurements. The radar was operated from a NASA P-3 aircraft equipped with GPS receivers. Radar data were collected in conjunction with laser altimeter and microwave altimeter measurements of ice surface elevation. This report provides radio echograms and thickness profiles from data collected during 1993

Alteration of Cardiac Progenitor Cell Potency in GRMD Dogs

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Integrated data requirements for natural resource management

We do not have sufficient data to adequately describe the integrated socio-ecologicalsystems that support us. It is prohibitively expensive to collect enough data to describe all,so it is important to think strategically about how to (i) use the information we do have and (ii) prioritise the collection of new data. We aim to help by finding efficient ways of improving the information that is available for policy-makers to generate better human–nature outcomes

A search in north Greenland for a new ice-core drill site

This is the published version. Copyright International Glaciological SocietyA new deep ice-core drilling site has been identified in north Greenland at 75.12 ° N, 42 .30 ° W, 316 km north-northwest (NNW) of the GRIP drill site on the summit of the ice sheet. The ice thickness here is 3085 m; the surface elevation is 2919 m. The North GRIP (NG RIP) site is identified so that ice of Eemian age (115- 130 ka BP, calendar years before present ) is located as far above bedrock as possible and so the thickness of the Eemian layer is as great as possible. An ice-flow model, similar to the one used to date the GRIP ice core, is used to simulate the flow along the NNW-trending ice ridge. Surface and bedrock elevations, surface accumulation-rate distribution and radio-echo sounding along the ridge have been used as model input. The surface accumulation rate drops from 0.23 mice equivalent year 1 at GRIP to 0.19 mice equivalent year- 1 50 km from GRIP. Over the following 300 km the accumulation is relatively constant, before it starts decreasing again further north. Ice thicknesses up to 3250 m bring the temperature of the basal ice up to the pressure-melting point 100- 250 km from GRIP. The NGRIP site is located 316 km from GRIP in a region where the bedrock is smooth and the accumulation rate is 0.19 m ice equivalent year 1 • The modeled basal ice here has always been a few degrees below the pressure-melting point. Internal radio-echo sounding horizons can be traceq between the GRIP and NGRIP sites, allowing us to date the ice down to 2300 m depth (52 ka BP ). An ice-flow model predicts that the Eemian-age ice will be located in the depth range 2710 - 2800 m, which is 285 m above the bedrock. This is 120 m further above the bedrock, and the thickness of the Eemian layer of ice is 20 m thicker, than at the GRIP ice-core ite

Immunogenicity of targeted lentivectors

To increase the safety and possibly efficacy of HIV-1 derived lentivectors (LVs) as an anti-cancer vaccine, we recently developed the Nanobody (Nb) display technology to target LVs to antigen presenting cells (APCs). In this study, we extend these data with exclusive targeting of LVs to conventional dendritic cells (DCs), which are believed to be the main cross-presenting APCs for the induction of a TH1-conducted antitumor immune response. The immunogenicity of these DC-subtype targeted LVs was compared to that of broad tropism, general APC-targeted and non-infectious LVs. Intranodal immunization with ovalbumin encoding LVs induced proliferation of antigen specific CD4(+) T cells, irrespective of the LVs' targeting ability. However, the cytokine secretion profile of the restimulated CD4(+) T cells demonstrated that general APC targeting induced a similar TH1-profile as the broad tropism LVs while transduction of conventional DCs alone induced a similar and less potent TH1 profile as the non-infectious LVs. This observation contradicts the hypothesis that conventional DCs are the most important APCs and suggests that the activation of other APCs is also meaningful. Despite these differences, all targeted LVs were able to stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocytes, be it to a lesser extent than broad tropism LVs. Furthermore this induction was shown to be dependent on type I interferon for the targeted and non-infectious LVs, but not for broad tropism LVs. Finally we demonstrated that the APC-targeted LVs were as potent in therapy as broad tropism LVs and as such deliver on their promise as safer and efficacious LV-based vaccines

Final 5-Year Study Results of DASISION: The Dasatinib Versus Imatinib Study in Treatment-Naïve Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Trial

Purpose: We report the 5-year analysis from the phase III Dasatinib Versus Imatinib Study in Treatment-Naive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients (DASISION) trial, evaluating long-term efficacy and safety outcomes of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase (CP) treated with dasatinib or imatinib. Patients and Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed CML-CP were randomly assigned to receive dasatinib 100 mg once daily (n = 259) or imatinib 400 mg once daily (n = 260). Results: At the time of study closure, 61% and 63% of dasatinib- and imatinib-treated patients remained on initial therapy, respectively. Cumulative rates of major molecular response and molecular responses with a 4.0- or 4.5-log reduction in BCR-ABL1 transcripts from baseline by 5 years remained statistically significantly higher for dasatinib compared with imatinib. Rates for progression-free and overall survival at 5 years remained high and similar across treatment arms. In patients who achieved BCR-ABL1 <= 10% at 3 months (dasatinib, 84%; imatinib, 64%), improvements in progression-free and overall survival and lower rates of transformation to accelerated/blast phase were reported compared with patients with BCR-ABL1 greater than 10% at 3 months. Transformation to accelerated/blast phase occurred in 5% and 7% of patients in the dasatinib and imatinib arms, respectively. Fifteen dasatinib-treated and 19 imatinib-treated patients had BCR-ABL1 mutations identified at discontinuation. There were no new or unexpected adverse events identified in either treatment arm, and pleural effusion was the only drug-related, nonhematologic adverse event reported more frequently with dasatinib (28% v 0.8% with imatinib). First occurrences of pleural effusion were reported with dasatinib, with the highest incidence in year 1. Arterial ischemic events were uncommon in both treatment arms. Conclusion: These final results from the DASISION trial continue to support dasatinib 100 mg once daily as a safe and effective first-line therapy for the long-term treatment of CML-CP